ABSTRACT
Objectives@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the effects of eye-mask and light-off on sleep status according to a commercial fitness tracker and a sleep diary of psychiatric in-patients in correctional facilities where nocturnal light is compulsory. @*Methods@#This study was conducted over 3 consecutive nights. In-patients of the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital (n = 29) were assigned random subject numbers and slept as usual in the light-on condition on the first night. The subjects slept with eye-masks in the light-on condition on another night and without an eye-mask in the light-off condition on the other night. Subjects were asked to sleep wearing a commercial fitness tracker and to keep a sleep diary. The order of these changes in bedroom lighting condition on the second and third nights was assigned randomly to participants. @*Results@#In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on condition and the eye-mask condition, the Wakefullness After Sleep Onset (WASO) was shorter and sleep satisfaction was higher in the latter.(respectively, Z = 3.66, p < 0.017 ; Z = 2.69, p < 0.017) In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on and light-off conditions, the WASO was shorter and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were higher in the latter (respectively, Z = 2.40, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.02, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.88, p < 0.017). However, there were no differences in the sleep variables between the eye-mask condition and the light-off condition. @*Conclusion@#Subjective improvements in sleep variables were noted in sleep diaries of institutionalized psychiatric patients under either the ‘eye-mask’ or ‘light-off’ condition. However, there were no significant differences between the ‘eye-mask’ and ‘light-off’ conditions. Therefore, we suggest that psychiatric patients in correctional facilities use eye-masks when sleeping.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the effects of eye-mask and light-off on sleep status according to a commercial fitness tracker and a sleep diary of psychiatric in-patients in correctional facilities where nocturnal light is compulsory. @*Methods@#This study was conducted over 3 consecutive nights. In-patients of the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital (n = 29) were assigned random subject numbers and slept as usual in the light-on condition on the first night. The subjects slept with eye-masks in the light-on condition on another night and without an eye-mask in the light-off condition on the other night. Subjects were asked to sleep wearing a commercial fitness tracker and to keep a sleep diary. The order of these changes in bedroom lighting condition on the second and third nights was assigned randomly to participants. @*Results@#In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on condition and the eye-mask condition, the Wakefullness After Sleep Onset (WASO) was shorter and sleep satisfaction was higher in the latter.(respectively, Z = 3.66, p < 0.017 ; Z = 2.69, p < 0.017) In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on and light-off conditions, the WASO was shorter and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were higher in the latter (respectively, Z = 2.40, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.02, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.88, p < 0.017). However, there were no differences in the sleep variables between the eye-mask condition and the light-off condition. @*Conclusion@#Subjective improvements in sleep variables were noted in sleep diaries of institutionalized psychiatric patients under either the ‘eye-mask’ or ‘light-off’ condition. However, there were no significant differences between the ‘eye-mask’ and ‘light-off’ conditions. Therefore, we suggest that psychiatric patients in correctional facilities use eye-masks when sleeping.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#This study compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, including blood testosterone level and intellectual capacity, between pedophilia and other types of paraphilia. @*Methods@#The medical records of 115 subjects with paraphilia who committed sex crimes and were admitted to National Forensic Hospital from January 2009 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into two groups: the pedophilia group (n=59) and other paraphilia group (n=56). The demographic and clinical parameters, including intelligence quotient and blood testosterone level, were compared between the two groups. The characteristics of the sexual offenders were compared according to the age of the victims. @*Results@#Among the 115 subjects, 54 (46.9%) were diagnosed with pedophilia. The pedophilia group showed a significantly lower level of testosterone in their blood (t=-2.409, p=0.018), and higher comorbidity of intellectual disability than the paraphilia group (χ 2 =6.962, p=0.008). In addition, paraphilia subjects who had sexually offended victims under 18 years of age showed a higher frequency of pedophilia (67.2%, p=0.001), and a higher frequency of intellectual disability than those with adult victims (χ2 =3.893, p=0.048). @*Conclusion@#In this study, pedophilia subjects showed lower blood testosterone levels and higher comorbidity of intellectual disability than those with other types of paraphilia. Further study will be needed to prevent sexual offending based on these findings.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#This study compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, including blood testosterone level and intellectual capacity, between pedophilia and other types of paraphilia. @*Methods@#The medical records of 115 subjects with paraphilia who committed sex crimes and were admitted to National Forensic Hospital from January 2009 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into two groups: the pedophilia group (n=59) and other paraphilia group (n=56). The demographic and clinical parameters, including intelligence quotient and blood testosterone level, were compared between the two groups. The characteristics of the sexual offenders were compared according to the age of the victims. @*Results@#Among the 115 subjects, 54 (46.9%) were diagnosed with pedophilia. The pedophilia group showed a significantly lower level of testosterone in their blood (t=-2.409, p=0.018), and higher comorbidity of intellectual disability than the paraphilia group (χ 2 =6.962, p=0.008). In addition, paraphilia subjects who had sexually offended victims under 18 years of age showed a higher frequency of pedophilia (67.2%, p=0.001), and a higher frequency of intellectual disability than those with adult victims (χ2 =3.893, p=0.048). @*Conclusion@#In this study, pedophilia subjects showed lower blood testosterone levels and higher comorbidity of intellectual disability than those with other types of paraphilia. Further study will be needed to prevent sexual offending based on these findings.